The other advantage of using solid-state nanopores/slits is the longer lifetime. Solid-state nanopores/slits can also be customized in mechanical, chemistry and thermal properties, as well as size, and geometry (e.g., nanoslit, nanosqaure, and nanotringle, ) while their biological counterparts cannot. They can also work over a broader range of temperature, pH, and chemical environments and potentially be integrated into practical devices or platforms.
These ultrathin solid-state nanopores provide improved sensitivity and spatial resolution in sensing applications. Recently, with the development of solid-state nanopore/slit fabrication, ultrathin nanopores have been produced and explored. Many researchers have used different characteristics of nanopore systems for sequencing application, e.g., the current–voltage (I–V), current density, electric field density, electrostatic potential distributions, and pressure. In addition, nanopores with suitable sizes and properties can be utilized to detect and count various viruses such as influenza and COVID-19.
#Field continuity in comsol 5.3 portable
So, it has the potential for integration into small and portable devices for low-cost DNA analysis. Moreover, nanopore DNA sequencing requires minimal sample volumes and does not need the use of purified fluorescent reagents nor amplified genomic DNA, i.e., eliminates enzymes, cloning, and amplification steps. Utilizing nanopores is a label-free, amplification-free, single-molecule approach that can be scaled for high-throughput DNA analysis. Translocation of biological matters (e.g., DNA, RNA, nucleic acids, or proteins) along a nanopore enables us to analyze the biological properties with high throughput and resolution. One of the methods of DNA sequencing is the use of nanopores. Such single-molecule studies yield a wealth of information on the dynamics and structure of oligonucleotides. DNA sequencing in forensic biology and biotechnology is an active field of research and motivated researchers to develop effective techniques for DNA tracking and stimulated critical technological innovations. Genomes' sequence has been crucial in identifying genetic risk factors associated with complex human diseases and continues to play an evolving role in the treatment and personalized medicine. Graphical abstractīy deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, our understanding of disease, heredity, and individuality will improve. It should be noted the external magnetic fields as small as pico-Tesla are detectable and measurable in voltage/pressure driven electrokinetic flow slits. Also, at a given flowrate across the pore/slit, nanoslits are the better choice. For example, by applying 2 MPa across the pore/slit, the maximum magnetic flux density for nanopore, nanoslit \(AR = 1\) and nanoslit \(AR = 5 \) are 1.10 pT, 1.08 pT and 0.45 pT, accordingly. At a given pressure difference across the pore/slit, nanopores are better than nanoslits in sensing the magnetic flux. As expected, the maximum value of the maximum magnetic flux occurs near the wall and inside the channel, and increasing the pressure gradient along the pore/slit increases the flowrate and magnetic field, consequently. We systematically compared the induced magnetic field of nanopores and nanoslits with equal cross-sectional area. The 3D magnetic field is numerically obtained by solving the Poisson-Nernst-Planck, Ampere, and Navier–Stokes equations. We suggest to use the magnetic field induced by pressure-driven ionic currents as a secondary signal.
Sensing the electric field is usually used for sequencing application. Passage of DNA along the pores creates non-uniform ionic currents which creates non-uniform electric and magnetic fields, accordingly. Nanopore/slit is one of the recent and successful tools for DNA sequencing. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) encodes all genetic information, and in genetic disorders, DNA sequencing is used as an effective diagnosis.
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